By using a no-till drill or a harrow, you can plant new pasture seed directly into the soil without disturbing it. Ideally, these seedlings will take root, establish new growth, and result in a healthier, more productive field for next season. 

While this process can seem overwhelming at first, understanding how to overseed pasture seed will set you up for success in the long run. Read more to learn about ideal planting conditions, how much seed to overseed pasture, common mistakes to avoid, and more. 

Understand the Purpose of Overseeding Pasture

When your pasture is thinning or struggling to keep up with your grazing schedule, overseeding is a great way to improve growth and weed resistance without the need for tilling or total reestablishment. 

As a general rule, if your pasture still contains 50–70% of desirable plants, you can rejuvenate the land by overseeding. If that number falls below 50%, it’s probably time to reestablish. 

Overseeding is about more than aesthetics — it helps introduce new forage species for seasonal coverage or nutrition and creates better resilience to drought, pests, and overgrazing.

Best Time of Year to Overseed Pasture

When determining how to overseed pasture seed, the best time of year is usually early spring or fall. The specific timing for your pasture will depend on your local climate and whether you’re working with cool-season or warm-season seeds. 

Cool-season vs. warm-season pasture timing

Cool-season pasture seed, such as Kentucky Bluegrass, Ryegrass, and fescues, are common in regions with cold to moderate climates like New England, the Pacific Northwest, and Northern California. These seeds should be planted in early spring and late summer to early fall for germination before the weather becomes too hot. 

Warm-season pasture seed such as Bahiagrass, Bermuda grass, and Indiangrass is great for warm, dry climates like the Southwest, or hot, humid regions like the Southeast. These warm-season seeds and mixes should be planted between mid-spring to early summer, when the ground is consistently warm enough to support germination. 

Fall vs. spring overseeding pros and cons

In the fall (or late summer), you’re less likely to battle with weed growth while overseeding pasture seed. However, there is a risk of unexpectedly hot temperatures and dry weather which can make it harder for new plant life to thrive. 

In the spring (or early summer), seedlings have a good chance of germination, with a lower risk of hot weather. On the other hand, weed interference in the spring can cause issues, and you risk the ground being too cold or wet for proper growth.  

Considerations based on climate, frost risk, and rainfall patterns

When deciding how to overseed pasture seed for your region, make sure you’re planting according to your local climate. Find your Plant Hardiness Zone and match pasture seed to local recommendations. You can also study rainfall patterns and frost risk for your region as a way to inform your timing. If there’s a chance of sudden cold bursts or heavy rain during a week or two out of the year, postpone your planting until after this timeframe.

Choosing the Right Pasture Seed Mix

In addition to considering cool-season vs. warm-season requirements, it’s also vital to select pasture seed based on your specific plot of land, existing plant species, and the needs of your livestock. 

Match the seed to livestock needs 

Cattle, horses, sheep, goats, and other livestock all have diverse needs when it comes to pasture seed. If you have only one type of animal grazing, you can get specific with your blends. For example, horses thrive on low-sugar, low-growing vegetation, such as Kentucky Bluegrass, while cattle do best on nutrient-rich grasses and legumes, such as orchardgrass, alfalfa, and clover. 

That being said, despite having different digestive systems (horses have one stomach, and cows have multi-compartmental stomachs), you can still graze horses and cows (and other livestock) together on one pasture, as long as you’re paying attention to everyone’s nutritional needs. 

Consider soil type, sunlight, and drainage on your property

Every pasture is different, which is why it’s essential to consider your specific plot when figuring out how much seed to overseed pasture land. 

What kind of soil are you working with? For clay-like soil, you’ll need deep root systems, for loamy soil, you should focus on pH, and for sandy soil you can add organic matter to improve health.

How much sunlight does the pasture get? For lots of direct sunlight, your seed will need to be heat-tolerant and may benefit from adding legumes for nitrogen distribution. In low-sun pastures, you’ll need shade-tolerant grasses, native plants, and forbs.

What is drainage like on your land? If water is often backed up in areas, you may need more resilient plants like fescue and reed grass. If water runoff is common, you may need to use more pasture seed while overseeding and choose plants with dense growth patterns. 

Find compatible seed based on existing grass

It’s also important to pay attention to how new species will interact with existing grass in your pasture. If you’ve been growing cool-season grasses, overseed with cool-season grasses. If you currently have only grass growing, consider adding a compatible legume or other flowering species to improve livestock nutrition and soil health.

Prepare the Pasture for Overseeding

The most important step for preparation when learning how to overseed pasture seed is cutting existing vegetation short to avoid excessive shade or growth competition. You can do this by mowing, or allowing livestock to graze. You can also remove excess thatch or dead matter to better prepare the plot. Many people prefer to test soil before overseeding to ensure pH levels are in a healthy range. 

How to Apply Pasture Seed Effectively

While broadcast seeding and tilling are great for reestablishment, they’re not the best choice for overseeding. Instead, use a no-till drill or overseeder to plant seeds directly into undisturbed soil. No-till drills are very effective, but they are large, heavy-duty machines that can be difficult to find if you’re not working on an industrial level. 

Overseeder machines are smaller and easier to rent or buy. Both machines plant by opening a small slit in the ground, dropping seeds, and compacting the hole with rear wheels afterward. 

When it comes to how much seed to overseed pasture, aim for 15–20 lbs per acre. After overseeding, you can use a harrow or send livestock out for high-density stock grazing to further compact the soil, ensuring seed to soil contact. 

Post-Seeding Care and Management

After overseeding, it’s important to take care of your pasture by letting it rest, giving it plenty of water, and managing risk.

• Avoid grazing for 4–6 weeks to allow establishment
• Monitor rainfall or irrigation needs
• Watch for weeds or pests that could impact seedling growth

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Overseeding

Many land owners fail to understand how to overseed pasture seed. Whether timing is off, the wrong seeds are used, or weather forecasts get ignored, there are a lot of things that can go wrong. Here are a few common mistakes to avoid while overseeding:

• Overseeding too late (or early) in the season
• Using the wrong type of seed
• Ignoring seed-to-soil contact
• Overseeding without addressing soil fertility
• Grazing too early after seeding
• Applying fertilizer or weed control too soon

Conclusion

As you work to care for your pasture, remember that overseeding is a great way to improve productivity without a major overhaul. If you’re able to plan ahead, select the right seed, and work with the specific conditions of your plot, you’ll be able to overseed your pasture successfully. 

Find pasture seed for your region, and improve your land today. 

FAQs

Through soil testing, adjusting pH balance, clearing the plot, and good timing, you can ensure that the health and condition of your soil are ready for seeding.  

Why Soil Preparation Matters for Pasture Seeding

The foundation of a healthy pasture starts below the surface. Without soil preparation for grass, your pasture is more likely to grow slowly, in patches, or not at all. In short, better soil = stronger, more drought-tolerant pastures.

How Do I Prepare My Soil Before Planting Pasture Seed?

As you begin soil preparation for pasture seeding, the first step is to assess the current health of your land. After you’ve added the proper amendments, you can begin to clear the land, till (if needed), and make sure the finished product is not too compacted.

1. Begin with a soil test

First, conduct a soil test. Ideally, this will be completed 6–12 months in advance, allowing you adequate time to improve soil health after receiving the results. Once you know what your soil needs, add amendments as soon as possible.

2. Clear out rocks, weeds, or debris

It’s recommended to start seeding with a level, uniform plot of land, so do your best to clear out anything in the way, such as rocks, weeds, and debris. You can complete this step at any point, but it should be level before tilling.

3. Tilling vs. no-till prep 

One of the most consistent soil preparation methods is tilling. One week before seeding, till the land to bring nutrients to the surface and create a better texture for planting. If your land is on a steep slope or there are other risks of erosion, consider using a no-till approach, such as mulching or drilling. A no-till prep is also appropriate for overseeding.

4. Address compaction if necessary 

If your soil is too compacted, aeration and subsoiling can help create more desirable consistency and airflow. To test compaction, try plunging an object like a pencil or screwdriver into dry soil. If it’s difficult to penetrate more than a couple of inches, your soil is likely compacted. 

What Soil pH is Optimal for Pasture Grasses?

A crucial part of your soil preparation for pasture seeding is balancing pH levels. As you conduct soil tests, the ideal pH range should be 6.2 to 7.2. It’s essential to adjust the pH before planting to facilitate effective nutrient uptake and optimal seed performance.

How to test for soil pH

While comprehensive soil tests can be more time-consuming, you can conveniently test your soil’s pH at any time. The simplest method for testing pH is with litmus paper. Add a small amount of soil to water, mix, and dip a litmus strip into the solution. For more precise pH testing, you can use a digital pH monitor.

How to raise or lower pH 

The easiest way to raise or lower pH is by adding lime or sulfur to your soil. Lime is a natural mineral that neutralizes acidity, while sulfur is an element that creates sulfuric acid. Both of these amendments can be found in garden centers and farm supply stores.

Add Soil Amendments Based on Test Results

In addition to lime and sulfur for pH adjustment, there are other amendments that aid in soil preparation for pasture seeding. Again, addressing these deficiencies before seeding, not after, is key. Here are some common amendments you might need to incorporate to improve your soil’s health:

• Gypsum or straw to improve aeration
• Compost or peat moss for better water retention
• Organic matter to increase nitrogen and other nutrients
• Biochar to help with carbon dioxide retention

For soil preparation for grass, work amendments into the top few inches of soil. After adding amendments, you can cover pasture soil with mulch or cover crops to prevent erosion.  

Preparing a Firm, Fine Seedbed

As you complete soil preparation for pasture seeding, you should have a smooth, firm seedbed that’s not too fluffy and not too compacted. This sweet spot in soil texture ensures good seed-to-soil contact, airflow, and water retention. As a rule of thumb, when testing firmness, your boot heel should sink about ½ inch into the prepared soil.

Timing Tips for Soil Preparation and Seeding

Just before seeding, complete any final steps in your soil preparation methods, such as watering, clearing any remaining weeds, and setting up your broadcaster. Always check the weather forecast to plan pasture seeding around inclement weather. Soil should be moist but not soggy. Here is a rough timeline to follow:

• Amendments — 6–12 months before seeding
• Clearing the land — 2–3 weeks before seeding
• Tilling or drilling — 1 week before seeding
• Watering the soil — 2–3 days before seeding
• Complete seeding
• Let pasture rest for 6–12 months before grazing

Common Mistakes to Avoid in Soil Prep

Even with the best-laid plans, it can be easy to forget one or two crucial steps before seeding. As you work on soil preparation for pasture seeding, avoid these common mistakes: 

• Skipping the soil test: Phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, and other essential levels must be balanced before seeding if you want a successful yield. Find out exactly what needs improvement with a soil test well in advance. 
• Planting into compacted or uneven ground: Give your pasture seed a fighting chance by leveling your plot and fixing any compaction issues. 
• Ignoring pH levels: Soil that is too acidic or basic will not support healthy growth. Fixing pH levels is crucial for soil preparation for grass. 
• Overworking the soil and losing structure: Your soil needs adequate airflow and amendments, but over-tilling or raking can actually harm soil structure. Find a balance based on your specific plot.

Set Your Pasture Up for Success

Create the ideal growing conditions with mindful soil preparation for pasture seeding. The pH, fertility, and structure of your soil will all lend to a bountiful pasture, which is why putting in the prep work is always worth it. 

For optimal performance and long-term pasture health, consider custom seed blends from Nature’s Seed. Our selection of 100% pure, high-quality pasture seed is designed with growers in mind.  

FAQs

When you’re raising cattle or horses, the quality of your pasture is more than just a backdrop—it’s the foundation of your animals’ health, weight gain, and overall performance. But not all pasture seed mixes are created equal. The right blend can mean the difference between lush, nutrient-dense grazing and fields that fall flat during peak grazing seasons.

With a wide variety of species, regional considerations, and livestock needs to weigh, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed. This guide breaks down how to choose the best pasture seed mix for cattle and pasture grass seed for horses, whether you’re planting a new pasture or overseeding an existing one.

Why the Right Pasture Seed Mix Matters

The right seed mix does more than grow grass—it builds a reliable food source for your livestock, reduces the need for supplemental feeding, and helps maintain soil health for years to come. Poor-quality forage can lead to underweight cattle, digestive problems in horses, and increased feed bills.

According to the USDA, grazing lands make up nearly 614 million acres in the United States, and many farmers rely on these pastures as a primary feed source. That means choosing the correct species for your livestock is a financial and operational decision with long-term consequences.

Best Grass Species for Different Livestock

Not all animals graze the same way, or digest the same plants. Here’s a look at what works best for cattle and horses:

Best Pasture Seed Mix for Cattle

Cattle do well with a mix of cool-season grasses that can hold up to grazing pressure and regrow quickly. Popular options include:

• Orchardgrass: Fast-growing, palatable, and drought-tolerant. It’s especially valuable in spring and early summer.
  
• Smooth Bromegrass: Winter-hardy and productive, bromegrass offers a high yield and withstands frequent grazing.
  
• Perennial Ryegrass: Known for quick establishment and excellent nutritional value, but requires more moisture.
  
• Endophyte-Free Tall Fescue: Offers excellent persistence and grazing tolerance without the toxic endophytes that can harm livestock.
  

When choosing the best pasture grass for cattle, these grasses can be combined into a diverse mix that supports year-round feeding and resists overgrazing.

Best Pasture Grass for Horses

Horses require lower-sugar grasses and are sensitive to endophyte toxins found in some fescue varieties. The best pasture seed mix for horses includes:

• Endophyte-Free Tall Fescue: Safe for horses, especially mares in foal, and stands up well to hoof traffic.
  
• Orchardgrass: Highly digestible and palatable, though it requires good moisture management.
  
• Timothy Grass: Excellent for hay and grazing, though less tolerant to drought or overgrazing.
  
• Kentucky Bluegrass: Ideal for rotational grazing and withstands trampling well.

Forage mixes for horses should avoid high-sugar content species like certain ryegrasses and ensure they’re free from endophytes to prevent complications like fescue toxicosis.

Browse expertly formulated pasture mixes at Nature’s Seed Horse Pastures.

How to Select a Pasture Seed Mix for Your Region

Regional climate and soil conditions play a major role in pasture performance. Here’s how to narrow it down:

• Cool-Season vs Warm-Season Grasses: Cool-season grasses (like ryegrass and orchardgrass) thrive in northern climates, while warm-season options (such as bermudagrass or switchgrass) do better in the south.
  
• Rainfall and Irrigation: If your pastures are irrigated or in a higher rainfall area, species like orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass will flourish. In drier regions, bromegrass and endophyte-free tall fescue offer better drought resistance.
  
• Soil Type: Conduct a soil test before planting. This will help identify pH levels and nutrient content to ensure your seed mix can take root and thrive.
  

Pro tip: Use regional seed blends from reputable providers like Nature’s Seed, tailored to your area’s growing conditions and explicitly formulated for livestock needs.

Establishing and Maintaining Your Pasture

Once you’ve selected the right mix, pasture success depends on proper planting and care.

• Soil Preparation: Till and test the soil. Apply lime or fertilizer as recommended to adjust pH and nutrients.
  
• Planting Time: Depending on your location and the species in your mix, spring and early fall are the best times to establish pasture.
  
• Grazing Management: Avoid overgrazing. Implement a rotational grazing plan to allow regrowth and prevent soil compaction.
  

According to a study by Oregon State University, proper grazing management can increase pasture productivity by up to 30%, reducing the need for supplemental feed.

Investing in Better Grazing Starts with Better Seed

Your pasture isn’t just land—it’s your livestock’s lunch line. Choosing the right pasture seed mix is one of the most important decisions you’ll make as a cattle or horse owner. From orchardgrass for lush spring grazing to endophyte-free fescue for safe and durable forage, the right mix keeps your animals healthy and your operation efficient.

If you’re ready to create a pasture that performs year after year, explore livestock-specific seed mixes from Nature’s Seed—trusted by farmers, ranchers, and land managers across the country.

Start building your best pasture today.

Storage temperature and seed moisture are the two most important factors in determining how long seeds can be stored. The drier the seeds remain, the longer than can be stored.

Here are a few steps to keep your seeds viable for years to come:

• Cool and Dry Storage: Store seeds in temperatures no greater than 70 F, with a humidity lower than 65%. The ideal temperature range is 35-40 F with a humidity of less than 40%.
• Contained: If your seed packaging has been opened, then store them in an airtight container. This will prevent the elements from getting to your seeds and affecting their viability.
• Labeled: Label your seeds with their species or mix name, variety, and date purchased or collected.

Seed Storage Tips

• Add moisture-absorbing material to your airtight container, such as silica gel packets, newspaper, or dry wood ash.
• Keeping your seeds stored in an airtight container, can avoid disturbance from pests.

Common Seed Storage Mistakes

• Garages & Sheds: Garages and sheds can experience extreme temperature fluctuations, shortening the lifespan of your seeds. If your garage or shed is temperature controlled (many are not), then this can be a great place to store seeds. 
• Refrigerator:  Refrigerators can keep your seeds in the ideal storage temperature range (35-40 F), but it adds in the element of humidity. To avoid this, you can store seeds in an airtight container in your refrigerator; but if your seeds contain any amount of leftover moisture from the drying process, they will begin to germinate. It’s best to stay away from this method as well.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long can you store grass seed?

Pasture seed allows livestock and other animals to graze and get the nutrients they need. In the Midwest, selecting the right pasture seed varieties is important because different plants thrive better than others in this region of the US. Whether you’re looking for pasture grass seed, clover, or alfalfa, there are a lot of great options available. Be sure to check out our Heartland collection, which includes premium pasture seed products for the Midwest. 

Key Factors to Consider When Selecting Pasture Seed for the Midwest:

Before purchasing a pasture seed mix, pay attention to factors like local climate, soil type, livestock needs, seasonal growth, and hardiness.

Climate

The Midwest is a humid continental climate that experiences all four seasons. These frequent—and often extreme—changes in weather and temperature can greatly affect the type of pasture seed you choose. For example, ryegrass doesn’t overwinter well, so it’s not the best choice for the Midwest.

Soil Type

The Midwest is home to many different types of soil, so make sure to pair pasture seed varieties with soil type for optimal growth. Clover does well in sandy or loamy soil, while most grasses require loamy soil.

Livestock Needs

Choose pasture seed varieties depending on the type of livestock in your area. For example, cows, hogs, and poultry all have different nutritional requirements. Cows have complex stomachs allowing them to digest most pasture seed, while hogs are omnivores and require a more diverse diet.

Seasonal Growth

Balancing cool-season and warm-season grasses and other plants can be tricky, but it’s essential when choosing pasture seed. 

Drought Resistance and Water Management

While the Midwest typically receives plenty of rainfall throughout the year, many pasture seed plants still require regular watering. Some grass seed varieties like fescue are drought tolerant and require less watering.

Weed and Pest Resistance

Some pasture seed varieties are more vulnerable than others. While clover is very pest—and weed-resistant, many pasture grass seeds are not.

Top Recommended Pasture Seeds for Midwest Farms

There are many different types of Midwest pasture seed that work well for grazing animals, but here are a few that stand out. 

• Alfalfa

Alfalfa is a great choice because of its high protein content. Some farmers also plant alfalfa as a cover crop between harvest crop seasons.

• Rice Cut Grass

Although it’s a cool-season grass, rice cut grass flowers later in the summer than others. This makes it a nice pasture seed choice for the midwest because seeds often ripen in the fall. 

• American SloughGrass

American sloughgrass is a popular choice for cows and horses and does very well in wetland habitats throughout Illinois and Missouri.

• Berseem Clover

Berseem clover is an excellent pasture seed and cover crop in the Midwest. It grows well with alfalfa, doesn’t cause bloating in livestock, and works with a variety of soil types.

• Arrowleaf Clover

Arrowleaf clover is another great choice for pasture seed in the Midwest. It’s drought-tolerant, can be made into hay, and is attractive to turkeys and other poultry.

Benefits of Using a Seed Mix

Sometimes the best choice for pasture seed is a mix, rather than one singular variety. For example, a mix containing a variety of grasses and clover will offer animals a more balanced diet than grass seed alone. Pasture seed mixes are also great for soil preservation, fertilization, and pest prevention. 

How to Maintain a Healthy Midwest Pasture

• Avoid overgrazing

Pay attention to your pasture and keep track of where animals are grazing. 

• Schedule periods of rest

Another way to avoid overgrazing is to let the pasture rest after a certain period of time. Rotational grazing will help keep the pasture healthy.

• Manage weeds

Some weeds like hemlock and buttercup can be toxic to livestock, so be sure to implement weed management in your Midwest pasture.

• Test soil health

Test your soil every year or so to make sure pH levels and nutrition are on track. If needed, add amendments like lime or sulfur to help improve soil health.

Best Practices for Planting Pasture Seed in the Midwest

If you’re a Midwest farmer, you probably understand the complexities of planting and maintaining a good crop. Still, here are a few tips to keep in mind when dealing with pasture seed specifically:

• Most pasture seeds should be planted either in the spring or fall, depending on cool-season and warm-season varieties. Berseem clover for example should be planted sometime after April 15th.

• Prepare the soil by tilling it and removing existing weeds or other vegetation. This is also a good time to test your soil and add any amendments that might be needed.

• Plant pasture seed ¼ to ½ inch deep and water regularly. Planting deeper than ½ inch can make it difficult for pasture seed to emerge.

• Watch for germination. To protect your newly planted seed in the early stages, you may need to cover it with more soil or mulch. Fencing in the pasture will also protect it.

• If you’re planting a cover crop as a pasture seed, stay on top of your harvest crop schedule. In the Midwest, most cover crops can be planted in the fall.

Find premium-quality pasture seed at Nature’s Seed, and give your livestock and wildlife the pasture they deserve.

Decide if overseeding your existing pasture is adequate or if you need to start over fresh. Generally if a pasture contains 40% to 75% of a desirable species, then consider overseeding. If a pasture contains less than 40% of desirable species, then consider a full reestablishment.

Planting Date

Cool-season forage species should be planted in the spring or fall when your average high air temperatures are in the 60-75 degree range. Warm-season forage species should be planted in the late spring or early summer when average air temperatures reach the 80+ degree range. Seed mixes with both cool and warm season species are best planted in the spring.

Prepare The Area (For New Pastures or When Reestablishing An Existing Pasture)

Remove all existing vegetation. This can be accomplished with a primary tillage method (plowing, tilling, disking, etc.) followed by secondary tillage to smooth and firm the soil (harrowing, cultivating, cultipacking, etc.)

Prepare the Area (For Overseeding An Existing Pasture)

Mow or graze the existing forage down to 4-6 inches. Drag a harrow to roughen the soil surface. The more scratches and grooves you can make the better. The goal is not to remove the existing vegetation, but to open up the ground slightly to achieve proper seed-to-soil contact.

Planting The Seed

Sowing the seed with a broadcast spreader is the preferred method, especially for mixes with differing seed sizes. Drill seeding can also be very successful but works best with seeds of the same size.

Soil Contact

After broadcasting the seed, drag a harrow, roller, or some other type of equipment to work the seed into the soil to a depth of ¼ to 1/8 of an inch. If you used a seed drill to plant the seed this step can be skipped. It’s normal to see some seed remain on the soil surface.

Constant Moisture

Keep the area constantly moist during the germination period, approximately 15-30 days. If irrigation is unavailable, try to coordinate your planting time with your rainiest season.

When To Graze

Grab a handful of the new forage and pull up quickly. If the forage rips, it’s ready for regular grazing. If it pulls out by the roots it needs more time to establish.

We have designed a pasture pig seed mix for every region of the United States while considering the soil, climate, and precipitation levels of each growing area. The following considerations were made during the design process for each regional blend:

• Environmental elements such as soil conditions, sun/shade preferences, and heat tolerances
• Genetic attributes such as nutrient content, grazing tolerance, and disease resistance
• Water requirements
• High palatability
• Nutritional value

If forage is ample, pigs may obtain up to 50% of their nutritional needs from grazing on pasture, including legumes, grasses, roots, and other edible plants. Supplemental feeding is often necessary to ensure pigs receive a well-balanced diet that meets their nutritional requirements. Legumes have been added to provide an excellent source of protein for your pigs, and a natural fertilizer for your soil.

Pigs enjoy a diverse range of vegetation in their diet and the ability to naturally forage, graze, root, browse, search, and explore for their food while providing them with an essential component for their overall well-being. From behavioral and environmental enrichment to exercise and muscle development to soil fertility and land management, these blends touch on the most essential needs for a healthy pasture pig and a healthy pasture.

Prior to the 1950s, pasture was considered a vital component in swine feeding programs. However, after synthetic vitamins became universally available, the need for forage crops diminished. Research has shown that the digestibility of fiber improves as pigs mature. Over time they absorb more nutrients from forages. Fiber prevents constipation during late gestation and early lactation and reduces intestinal issues. Pasture pigs and sows typically have fewer health problems due to the improved sanitation and air quality of living on a pasture.

Pasture Pig Ingredients

GRASSES

Smooth Brome: Provides abundant and nutritious forage that regrows quickly, making it suitable for intensive grazing systems. Its dense growth helps suppress weeds and control soil erosion. It’s drought-tolerant and versatile, making it a reliable and valuable component of pig diets in pasture settings.

Kentucky Bluegrass: Provides a highly digestible forage, with valuable nutrients such as carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Its dense growth and ability to withstand grazing make it suitable for intensive grazing systems. It can also contribute to soil stability and erosion control.

Orchardgrass: A great source of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals that contribute to the overall health and growth of pigs. Its digestibility allows for efficient nutrient utilization and better weight gain. Orchardgrass is known for its rapid regrowth, making it suitable for heavy grazing. Its deep root systems improve soil structure and provide erosion control.

Common Bermuda: Common Bermuda provides a consistent and abundant source of forage, offering a balance of carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals to support their dietary needs. It’s well-adapted to various climates and can withstand heavy grazing, ensuring a continuous food supply.

Bahia: Known for its ability to thrive in warm and tropical climates. This makes Bahia suitable for various regions. It also has a high productivity rate, providing consistent forage, and containing carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, and minerals that contribute to the nutritional needs of pigs.

Timothy: Provides a balanced composition of protein, fiber, and carbohydrates that ensure optimal nutrition. Grazing Timothy engages a pig’s natural behaviors, promotes dental health, and provides environmental enrichment, exercise, and weight management. It also offers a valuable source of nutrients, while providing physical and mental stimulation for pigs.

LEGUMES

Alfalfa: High protein content, with essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that support overall health and growth in pigs. It provides excellent digestibility and promotion of efficient nutrient utilization. Additionally, alfalfa contains compounds that can help control internal parasites. It’s adaptable to different climates and has a deep root system making it a reliable forage option. Alfalfa is also known for its nitrogen-fixing ability, which improves soil fertility and reduces the need for synthetic fertilizers.

White Clover: A rich source of protein, vitamins (such as vitamin C), and minerals (such as calcium and phosphorous), which are essential for the overall health and growth of pigs. Its digestibility allows for efficient nutrient utilization and better weight gain. White Clover is also known for its nitrogen-fixing ability, which improves soil fertility and reduces the need for synthetic fertilizers. Its low-growing habit provides a dense and nutritious grazing option for pigs.

Strawberry Clover: Provides soil-enhancing properties, with a rich source of proteins, vitamins, and minerals that support muscle development and overall pig health. Strawberry clover has nitrogen-fixing abilities, improves soil fertility, and reduces the need for synthetic fertilizers. Its deep root system enhances soil structure, increases organic matter, and improves water retention. Strawberry clover provides a nutritious and sustainable forage source that promotes pig performance while contributing to soil health and nutrient cycling in pasture systems.

Red Clover: Rich source of protein, vitamins, and minerals that support pig growth and overall health. Red clover contains bioactive compounds, including isoflavones, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Its deep root systems help improve soil structure, enhance nutrient cycling, and increase organic matter content. Red clover provides a nutritious and sustainable forage source that promotes pig performance while contributing to soil health and nutrient cycling in pasture systems.

Field Pea: A high protein content that supports muscle development and growth. Field pea is rich in carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, contributing to the overall health and nutritional requirements of pigs. Its inclusion in pasture systems diversifies the diet of pigs, providing a nutritious and sustainable feed source that enhances their well-being a performance.

Birdsfoot Trefoil: Includes unique properties, such as the presence of condensed tannins that reduce the risk of bloat and improve nutrient utilization. Birdsfoot trefoil contains a nutrient-rich source of protein, vitamins, and minerals, supporting muscle development and overall pig health. Additionally, it has a deep root system that enhances soil structure and fertility, contributing to the sustainability of pasture systems. Its inclusion in pig diets provides a nutritious and well-rounded feed source that can benefit the health and performance of pigs in pasture settings.

Sainfoin: Rich source of protein, vitamins, and minerals, supporting muscle development and overall pig health. Sainfoin contains condensed tannins, which reduce the risk of bloat and improve nutrient utilization. The deep root system improves soil structure, enhances water filtration, and increases organic matter. It provides a nutritious and well-rounded forage source that promotes optimal pig performance while contributing to sustainable pasture-based systems.

GRAINS

Triticale: A hybrid grain crop derived from wheat and rye, combining the desirable characteristics of both for a highly palatable, nutritious, and versatile forage option. Triticale provides carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals essential for pig health and growth.  Its digestibility allows for efficient nutrient utilization and better weight gain. It’s adaptable to various growing conditions and can be grazed or harvested for hay or silage. Its inclusion in pasture systems can diversify the forage options and contribute to a balanced diet.

Hybrid Pearl Millet: Warm-season grain that grows rapidly, provides substantial forage, is highly productive, and is one of the most drought-tolerant grains in existence. Hybrid pearl millet contains a high carbohydrate content, which serves as an energy source for pigs. It also contains essential nutrients, including proteins, vitamins, and minerals, supporting pig growth and overall health. Its adaptability to diverse climates and soils further enhances its suitability for pasture. By incorporating hybrid pearl millet into pig diets, farmers can provide pigs with a nutrient-rich and digestible forage source that promotes optimal performance and contributes to sustainable pig farming practices.

Barley: Provides a great source of energy through a high carbohydrate content, as well as containing vitamins, proteins, and minerals that support pig growth and overall health. Barley is versatile and can also be processed into various forms such as rolled, cracker, or ground, allowing for flexibility in feeding methods. Its inclusion in pig diets provides an energy-dense feed source that supports pig performance and can easily be incorporated into balance feeding programs.

Oats: Rich in carbohydrates, providing a valuable source of energy, while also containing proteins, vitamins, and minerals that support pig growth and overall health. Oats can also be processed in many forms, such as rolled or crushed, allowing for flexibility in feeding methods. Their inclusion in pig diets provides a nutrient-dense feed source that supports pig performance and can easily be incorporated into balance feeding programs.

FORAGE TYPES & FORBS

Forage Radish: Soil-enhancing properties, combined with a highly digestible and nutrient-rich forage option, provide carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals to support overall health and growth. Pigs find the tender leaves and roots of forage radishes appealing and readily consume them. The deep taproot system of forage radish helps break up compacted soil, improves soil structure, and increases organic matter content. Its inclusion in pig diets promotes soil health while providing a fresh and nutritious forage source for pigs in pasture settings.

Forage Chicory: Rich source of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, supporting overall health and growth. Chicory contains bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, that have antioxidant and anti-parasitic properties, which improve pig health and reduce the need for chemical dewormers. The deep taproot system improves soil structure and nutrient-cycling pastures, providing a diverse and sustainable pasture-based system.

Small Burnet: Source of protein, vitamins, and minerals, supporting pig growth and overall health. Small Burnet contains bioactive compounds, such as tannins and flavonoids, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Its inclusion in pasture systems contributes to diverse and nutritious forage.

Check out our new Pasture Pig Forage Mixes!

Taking a stance on creating pollinator paradises, eliminating pesticides, preserving natural habitat and wildlife areas, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices are all important aspects in ensuring the survival and well-being of pollinators – including the ecosystems they support!

Some amazing pollinator flower varieties include:

Tidy Tips, also known as Coastal Tidytips, are part of the Aster Family (Asteraceae). Tidy Tips offer distinctive yellow and white daisy-like flowers with orderly three-toothed petals. They provide an abundance of nectar for pollinators and extended blooming periods.

Pollinators Checkerspot butterflies and many other butterflies; native bees; moths; birds enjoy the seeds.

Host Plant White-lined sphinx; small heliothodes moth

Type Annual

Sow Early spring (after the last frost)

Bloom April to July

Native Western United States

Echinacea, also known as Purple Coneflower and the Eastern Purple Coneflower, is part of the Aster Family (Asteraceae). Echinacea offers long-lasting purple flowers. Over time, the petals provide a droopy effect with a prominent cone-shaped center. This structure makes it easy for pollinators to access the nectar. Echinacea flowers are often used to make tea that strengthens the immune system.

Pollinators Long-tongued bees: bumblebees, digger/miner bees, leaf-

cutting bees, carpenter bees, Normadine cuckoo bees, honeybees; bee flies; halictid and short-tongued bees: green metallic bees; butterflies and skippers: monarchs, sulfurs and whites, swallowtails, fritillaries, silvery spotted skipper.

Host Plant Caterpillars of the silvery checkerspot butterfly; wavy emerald moth; sunflower moth

Type Perennial

Sow Spring

Bloom June to August

Native Eastern United States

Black-eyed Susan, also known as Common Black-eyed Susan and Brown-eyed Susan, is part of the Aster Family (Asteraceae). Black-eyed Susan produces nectar for pollinators and provides shelter for several song and game birds. They have a golden-yellow ray of flowers, with a black or brown central cone. They are often used for erosion control and are extremely attractive to many pollinator species.

Pollinators Goldfinches; long-tongued bees: bumblebees, honeybees andrenid bees, digger/miner bees, cuckoo bees; butterflies and skippers: brush-footed butterflies, sulfurs, and whites; halictid and short-tongued bees: sweat bees; owlet moths; bee flies; flower flies; checkered beetles; blowflies.

Host Plant Butterflies and caterpillars of the silvery checkerspot butterfly and bordered patch butterfly.

Type Biennial

Sow Spring

Bloom June to October

Native Central United States

Butterfly Milkweed, also known as Butterfly Weed, Chigger Weed, Orange Milkweed, and Chigger Flower, is part of the Milkweed Family (Asclepiadaceae). Butterfly Milkweed provides bright yellow-orange clusters of flowers. The blooms are highly attractive to many butterfly and bee species, as well as hummingbirds. Butterfly Milkweed provides food, shelter, and reproductive resources, most famously to the Monarch butterfly. This species does not have milky sap like other milkweed species. They need full sun to bloom.

Pollinators Long-tongued bees: bumblebees, leaf-cutting bees, carpenter bees, yellow-faced bees, plasterer bees, honeybees; bee flies; halictid and short-tongued bees; butterflies and skippers: monarchs, eastern tiger swallowtail, pipevine swallowtail, red admiral, great spangled fritillary, American copper, Edward’s hairstreak, Delaware skipper; moths: white-lined sphinx, milkweed tiger/tussock moth; flies: syrphid/hover flies; long-horned beetles

Host Plant Butterflies and caterpillars of the monarch and queen butterflies.

Type Perennial

Sow Spring

Bloom May to September

Native Eastern United States

The California Poppy, also known as the California Gold Poppy, is part of the Poppy Family (Papaveraceae). California Poppies are the state flower of California, offering yellow-orange cup-shaped satiny petals with a deep-orange spot at the base. Their extended blooming period allows them to be a consistent and reliable source for pollinators – particularly in the early part of the growing season. Nectar and pollen are easily accessible in the open-faced broad petals. California poppies produce ample pollen and provide shelter and habitat.

Pollinators Wide range of pollinators including birds, butterflies, bees, and small herbivores.

Host Plant Butterflies and caterpillars of the acmon blue, Mormon metalmark, pacific dotted blue, and veined blue butterflies; buckwheat borer moth and white-lined sphinx.

Type Perennial; cannot survive frost.

Sow Spring

Bloom March to May

Native Western United States

Wild Bergamot, also known as Beebalm and Eastern Bergamot, is part of the Mint Family (Lamiaceae). Wild Bergamot offers clusters of lavender, pink, and white ragged pompom-shaped flowers, with mint-scented leaves. They are often used to make mint tea and used to treat respiratory ailments. Additionally, Wild Bergamot is deer and squirrel resistant.

Pollinators Monarchs, clearwing hummingbird moths, ruby-throated hummingbirds, fritillaries, and a wide range of other pollinators.

Host Plant Hermit sphinx moth, orange mint moth, and the raspberry Pyrausta.

Type Perennial

Sow Spring

Bloom June to July

Native North America

Blue-Eyed Grass, also known as Western Blue-eyed Grass, California Blue-Eyed Grass, and Rocky Point, is part of the Iris Family (Iridaceae). Blue-eyed grass narrow-leaved umbels of starry blue or violet flowers. They provide a rich source of nectar for pollinators, attracting bees with their yellow centers. This perennial is short-lived with a horizontal stem (rhizome) that resembles an Iris.

Pollinators Wide range of pollinators including hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees.

Host Plant White-lined sphinx

Type Perennial

Sow Spring (mix seeds with moist sand and store in the fridge for 60 days before planting); Fall (direct sow)

Bloom February to June

Native Western United States

Drummond Phlox, also known as Annual Phlox, Pride of Texas, Texas Belle, and Texas, are part of the Phlox Family (Polemoniaceae). Drummond Phlox offer clusters of bright rose-red or pink flowers. They are often used to make mint tea and used to treat respiratory ailments. Additionally, Wild Bergamot is deer and squirrel resistant.

Pollinators Wide range of pollinators including hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees: bumblebees and honeybees.

Type Annual

Sow Spring

Bloom April to July

Native Eastern North America

In conclusion, pollinators play a critical role in our ecosystems and have a profound impact on both natural and agricultural systems. They are essential for the reproduction of countless plant species, including many of our food crops, ensuring the production of fruits, vegetables, and seeds. Pollinators contribute to the overall biodiversity and stability of ecosystems, promoting the health and resilience of plant communities. Additionally, they facilitate the transfer of genetic material between plants, allowing for adaptation and evolution. However, pollinators face numerous challenges, including habitat loss, pesticide exposure, climate change, and disease. It is crucial that we take active measures to protect and support pollinators by preserving their habitats, reducing pesticide use, promoting native plant species, and raising awareness about their importance. By valuing and conserving pollinators, we not only safeguard the intricate web of life on our planet but also secure the foundation of our own food security and well-being.

Celebrate Pollinator Week with 25% off all wildflower varieties and pollinator blends until June 26, 2023!

(automatically applied; no coupon required)

“We care about the taste!”

Dr. Dixon explained that “horses can be selective on what they graze and palatability should be considered when selecting grasses for your pasture.” This means horses will eat the tastier plants first, such as the young soft grasses, while leaving the less palatable plants alone. Horses are also particular not to graze where they defecate. These factors often leads to overgrazing in certain areas of your pasture.

To help prevent this overgrazing, horse pasture forages need to be productive all season long. They also need to be highly palatable to ensure even grazing throughout the pasture. Grasses should be aggressive and able to tolerant close, heavy grazing.

The University of Minnesota Extension recommends endophyte-free tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and timothy grasses as highly desirable. According to Dr. Dixon, other grasses to consider would be meadow and smooth bromegrass, annual ryegrass, or orchardgrass. In the South, warm-season bermudagrass pastures are the most popular.

“We need vitamins too!”

Growing horses, pregnant and lactating mares, breeding stallions, and higher performance horses will need higher energy feeds supplemented in order to meet their needs, but forage should still remain the base.

Dr. Dixon shared that the use of legumes is one easy way to increase the energy and protein available in pasture mixes. “Legumes can also complement grasses by increasing pasture yield and help control weeds. Alfalfa and clover are the most common legume crops added to mixed grass pastures or used as hay to supplement grass pastures” he explained.

You can calculate the nutrition your horse feed needs by using the National Research Council’s Nutrient Requirements of Horses (Sixth Revised Edition 2007) calculator.

“Our favorite things are…”

Access to water, shelter, and care are all things that will help create a happy environment for your horse. “Water is the most important nutrient for horses, they’ll drink 5-15 gallons a day depending on temperature, activity, and diet. Ideally, clean water should be available at all times, and for larger pastures, in multiple spots. Providing a sturdy shelter that allows horses to get out of the sun or harsh weather is important and can be accomplished many different ways,” Dr. Dixon taught.

Last but not least, companionship! Your horse wants to spend time with you!

How Nature’s Seed Can Help?

Pasture can be an excellent source of feed, exercise, and socialization for most horses if managed properly. Pasture management factors to keep in mind include:Stocking densitySoil compositionGrowing seasonYour ability to rotate grazing location

Keep in mind that overstocking pastures may harm forage quality because of overgrazing and trampling. According to Dr. Dixon, it may take from 1-3 acres per horse (more in times of drought) to fully meet the needs of a mature horse, depending on pasture yield.

Here at Nature’s Seed, we’ve taken these factors into consideration and developed our regional horse pasture seed blends. Each horse grass seed blend contains a mix of several high-quality grass species, as well as a proper percentage of legumes to keep your horse happy, healthy and ready for your next adventure together.

Our team of rangeland experts have designed a horse pasture seed mix for every region of the United States. The following considerations were made during the design process for each regional blend:Environmental elements such as soil conditions, sun/shade preferences and heat tolerancesGenetic attributes such as nutrient content, grazing tolerance and disease resistanceWater requirements

*A big thank you to Dr. Ben Dixon for being willing to share with us a veterinarian’s stance on what makes a happy horse. Please make sure to consult with a veterinarian for any horses with special needs before choosing your pasture seed.*

But when the winter months come around, producing enough food can get challenging.

Thanks to freezing temperatures and unpredictable weather, it’s essential that you adequately prepare your pasture for the harsh months ahead. By planting the seed in the fall, your pasture has a better chance at surviving and providing food for the next coming months. You’re also allowing it to rest from constant grazing, giving it an opportunity to re-establish and grow.

The best way to allow rest and prepare for harsh weather is to use cool-season pasture. Cool-season pastures are types of grasses that can seed in the fall and be ready for grazing by early spring.

Some of the most popular cool-season pasture grasses are:

• Tall fescue
• Kentucky bluegrass
• Orchardgrass
• Perennial ryegrass
• Smooth bromegrass
• Timothy

However, there might be problems with fall seedings. By the time September comes around, rainfall can get unpredictable. Because of that, there’s always a chance for lack of sufficient soil moisture and time for growth before frost takes place.

To avoid as many mishaps as possible, check out these tips on planting pasture seed in the fall.

How Much Seed Do I Need?

Before figuring out how much seed you need, you need to know if you have enough pasture for your livestock. The good news is that this part is easy to figure out. The rule of thumb is 1.5 to 2 acres per pair of calves. With other livestock, you can figure out the minimum amount of pasture your animals need with this somewhat lengthy but necessary equation:

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Once that’s figured out, it’s time to determine how much you’ll have to seed. Deciding between a low seeding rate and a high seeding rate will make or break the health of your pasture. The typical rates are:

• Normal seeding rate at 20 pounds per acre
• Higher seeding rate at 30+ pounds per acre

At Nature’s Seed, our recommended seeding rate is 20 lbs./acre for pasture blends using the broadcast seeding method. For drill seeding, 15 lbs./acre could be used. Single species may require more or less than 20 lbs./acre depending on seed size, planting method, etc.

Top Tips for Planting Pasture Seed in the Fall

Planting pasture seed can be a lengthy process. Many factors go into healthy pasture grass, like soil health, nutrients, water-holding capacity, and a mix of soil and fertilizers to help growth.

But sometimes planting in the fall can be tricky. Rainfall is hard to predict and there’s always a chance for an early frost. That’s why it’s not only crucial to seed at the right time, but also ensure you perform a soil test, use the correct seed variety, utilize proper seeding methods, and finally, wait for seed establishment.

Tip #1: Do An Up-To-Date Soil Test

The best thing you can do to prep for planting pasture seed is to do an up-to-date soil test.

Soil testing is vital in helping define all physical, chemical, and biological health. Knowing this helps determine which micronutrients are needed for your grass to thrive.

Healthy soil can help increase yields, reduce operating costs, improve grass maturity with higher tolerance to disease and pest damage. It can also help answer any questions about why your field is under-performing.

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When you do a soil test, there are a few things you’ll want to look at:

• Organic matter
• Soil pH number
• Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)

Instead of trying various fertilizers to see what works best, take the time and money to do a local soil test. You can do so by buying a soil testing kit or sending it into a local soil testing lab.

Tip #2: Use The Best Seed For Your Soil Type

Knowing your soil type will save you a lot of time and effort in the long run. Some seeds won’t adapt depending on the type of soil, which directly affects the water, and nutrient, holding capacity.

Choosing the best mixture is based on:

• The type of livestock
• The time of year
• The level of pasture growth
• Soil type, fertility, and pH

Your region’s climate plays a significant role in the types of grass that can grow. You wouldn’t expect to develop a coastal grass in the midlands, which is why it’s essential to know which seed variety does well in your area. You can use Nature’s Seed Seed Selector Tool and search by region.

Tip #3: Best Time to Plant

There are a couple reasons you might plant grass seed in the fall:

1. Your pasture needs time to rest and grow in between grazing periods
2. You are preparing for freezing temperatures ahead, and want to ensure there’s enough food

When giving your pasture time to rest, the best time to do so is when plants are actively growing. During this time, you should allow two to three months before grazing begins again.

On the other hand, if you plan on planting seed pasture for the winter, the best time to begin seeding is in the fall. You can start as early as July for some grasses, but most recommend between August and September for the best results. The key is giving enough time to establish roots so it can withstand the hardy winter ahead.

Depending on the species, you usually need 70 to 120 days of growth before temperatures drop into the low-20s.

If you’re unsure where to start or how much time certain grasses need, then you can check out the best time to plant the seed by state.

Tip #4: Use No-Till Drill Seeding

Although there are many ways to plant, no-till drill seeding is the most recommended method for overseeding existing pastures. No-till drill seeding is a method that’s been around for hundreds of years and is still used today. Instead of turning over the soil, a drill creates the separate seed furrows.

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It is a classic, more straightforward way of planting the seed. Not only that, but no-till drill seeding is exceptionally beneficial to you, your grass, and the environment:

• Help prevent soil erosion
• Conserves soil moisture
• Reduces fuel and labor requirements
• Performs best on sandy or silt loam soils

Tip #5: Allow Time

You should allow your seeds two to three months to root successfully. In doing so, you’re allowing enough good growth to guarantee they survive during winter and lower competition from weeds compared to spring seeding.

“When it’s time to plant, drill the seed and wait for the rain. The seeds will wait. When you get rain, you’ll have grass,” says Rob Kallenback, a forage specialist at the University of Missouri. “I plant every year, and have had only a couple minor failures. That’s thousands of acres.”

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During this time, avoid your animals running on any growing seed. Trampling can delay growth or move grain unexpectedly. At this point, all you can do is be patient, wait for the rain, and watch your pasture grow.

This is the final step in planting pasture seed in the fall, so all you can do is wait as your seeds begin to take root.

Conclusion

Everybody knows that having a healthy pasture means healthy livestock — but it’s more than ensuring your animals are fed. By seeding correctly, you’re also reducing work for yourself, building soil fertility, reducing erosion, and helping grow disease-resistant grass.

So, whether you’re preparing for the winter or have a cool-season pasture, fall is an excellent time to begin seeding. Before seeding, make sure you:

• Do a soil test
• Use the best seed variety
• Plant at the best time
• Use no-till drill seeding
• Allow time for the seed to take

And since every pasture is different, it’s also best to check out different types of pasture seeds based on your climate and livestock needs.